The Governor of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has reiterated why Dangote Refinery must help Nigeria in terms of fuel supply. This is even as the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) raised interest rate to 18.5 percent.
According to him, the CBN and the Federal Government have helped the company to the stage it has gotten to, and it is just normal that it reciprocates the gestures by ensuring adequate supply and also sell it at a good price for Nigerians to buy.
He, however, emphasised that there will be no subsidy, but freight cost and demurrage would reduce just as foreign exchange would be saved while other sectors of the economy would take advantage of this.
The CBN governor who was addressing Journalists at the end of a two-day meeting of MPC, also disclosed that the CBN gave loans at single-digit interest rates to businesses across the country that are worth N8trillion in the last eight years. He said some of these loans have 10year tenure.
Godwin Emefiele said the moderate hike in MPR was taken to further rein in inflation. CBN governor, who has been fighting fierce battle against inflation and dwindling fortunes of the local currency, Naira.
Nigeria has been grappling with a high inflation rate as well as a depreciating exchange rate both at the parallel and the official market.
Current figures at both markets show that even the unrealistic rate at the official market has not been steady, exchanging N463/$ on Tuesday as against N462/$.
Similarly, at the black market it, plummeted to an average exchange rate of N762/$1 on Tuesday, May 23rd, 2023, representing a 0.26% depreciation from the previous day’s trading session, where it was valued at N760/$1.
This is coming on the heels of Nigeria’s real GDP which grew by 2.31 percent in Q1 2023 as against 3.52 in Q4 2022
However, the decision of the CBN was made on the back of the rising inflation rate in the Nigerian economy. Headline inflation rose to 22.22% in April 2023 from 22.04% recorded in the previous month, representing its highest level since September 2005.
Headline inflation rose to its highest level in over 17 years in April 2022, eroding the purchasing power of citizens,
CBN’s interest rate at 18.5 percent represents its highest level in 22 years.
The central bank continues to rein in inflation using monetary policy tweaks, by increasing interest rates, a development that curtailed credit access to the real sector of the economy, which operators, like many Nigerians, are faced with rising cost if electricity that is still epileptic and diesel, among others.
Emefiele at the post-MPC press briefing held on Wednesday 24th, 2023 stated that it has unanimously voted to hike its monetary policy rates or interest rates by 50 basis points, as 10 members voted for a 50 basis point hike and 1 member 25 basis point.
According to the governor, the MPC members believe that reducing MPR was not even considered and that a hold will be counterfactual to evidence on the ground.
They also cited evidence that raising rates was reducing inflation which may have risen to as high as 32% as against 22.22% if rates were not aggressively raised in April.
Four Ways the refinery will affect Nigeria
Nigeria’s new Dangote petroleum refinery is Africa’s biggest – it will produce 650,000 barrels a day, giving it the potential to address the country’s energy supply crisis. First product from the refinery is expected to hit the market by the end of July 2023.
Owned by Nigerian industrialist and Africa’s richest man, Aliko Dangote, the refinery is expected to boost domestic refining capacity, getting rid of the current consumption shortfall. It will also reduce import dependency and stimulate economic growth.
It is the first privately owned crude oil refinery in Nigeria. Nigeria’s existing refineries, plagued by operational inefficiencies under government control, have failed to meet the growing demand for petroleum products. Substantial imports have become necessary.
Nigeria currently imports more than 80% of its refined petroleum products. The country is the largest importer of refined petroleum products in Africa. Local production will therefore massively cut the country’s import bill.
According to the Central Bank of Nigeria, the cost (including freight) of petroleum products imports into Nigeria doubled over a five-year period from about US.4 billion in 2017 to US.2 billion (indicating an annual average of US.1 billion), before rising further to US.3 billion by end-2022.
The central bank says the average annual cost of petroleum products imports to Nigeria could reach US billion by 2027 if the country continues to rely on petroleum imports.
This money can now potentially be saved with Dangote refinery plugging the supply shortfall.
In my previous research, I have found that there is a link between Nigeria’s crude oil export dependency and its weak local refining capacity. This is also the case with Mexico, which exports its crude abroad for processing.
Based on my experience in the sector, I set out the four areas where the Dangote refinery is expected to make an impact on Nigeria’s petroleum sector and, by extension, the Nigerian economy.
Reduced oil import dependence
The most notable impact of Dangote refinery will be the increase in local refinery capacity, which will reduce imports.
Dangote refinery is expected to help Nigeria meet 100% of it’s refined petroleum product needs (gasoline, 72 million litres per day; diesel, 34 million litres per day; kerosene, 10 million litres per day and aviation jet, 2 million litres per day), with surplus products for the export market.
The refined petroleum output from the refinery in combination with other refineries in Nigeria is expected to meet the shortfall of the estimated daily consumption of 72 million litres of petrol.
The country has faced several fuel shortages in the past, which have caused prices to surge for transport and basic commodities.
Recent fuel shortages have been blamed on the Russia-Ukraine war. The price of imported fuel rose more than 100%. Importers operated at a loss due to price ceilings set by the government.
Besides eliminating import dependency, the Dangote refinery can potentially reduce Nigeria’s crude oil export dependency as more crude oil will be refined domestically.
Refining crude oil locally will enable the country pay for the refined product in naira which will save scarce foreign exchange and generate revenue in exported refined petroleum products.
The Central Bank of Nigeria says Dangote refinery could engender foreign exchange savings of between US billion and US billion annually for Nigeria.
Support for allied industries
The establishment of the refinery is also likely to help reduce the cost of production for industries that rely on petroleum products such as diesel to power their operations. In turn, this should increase their competitiveness in the global market while promoting local industry capabilities.
The refinery could also create an environment for allied industries to emerge in and around it. For instance, businesses in transport, housing and telecommunications will benefit from the construction and operations of the refinery.
And the refinery should create jobs and entrepreneurship opportunities.
While under construction, the refinery employed about 40,000 workers – 29,000 Nigerians and 11,000 foreigners.
The jobs were in engineering, construction, manufacturing and operations, among other areas.
In full operation, the refinery, according to media reports, is expected to create over 250,000 direct and indirect jobs. I believe this is a fair estimate.
The country’s current unemployment rate is expected to reach 40.6% in 2023.
Possible increase in carbon footprint
The operation of Dangote refinery raises concerns about its potential impact on Nigeria’s net zero emission goals. Net zero is an ideal state where the amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced and greenhouse gas emissions taken out of the atmosphere is balanced.
Decarbonisation efforts are required for countries to achieve net zero but the path and time might differ as countries may want to take a gas-led approach to transition to renewable energy.
At the COP26 climate change meeting in 2021, President Muhammadu Buhari committed to net-zero emissions by 2060. This is to protect Nigeria’s environment and ecosystem from the impact of climate change and reduce the country’s greenhouse gas emissions.
Nigeria has an Energy Transition Plan to get closer to a more sustainable economy. The plan assumes greater use of natural gas as a “transition fuel”.
Oil refineries contribute about 4% of the global carbon emissions.
The Dangote refinery complies with World Bank, US, European and Nigerian norms for emissions and effluents.
The Dangote refinery is a significant step towards self-sufficiency in Nigeria’s energy sector.
